A microprocessor is a chip that should be inserted in a mainboard that provides RAM and ROM(Hard disk) plugged to it as 2 external components to the board while a microcontroller contains RAM and ROM(Flash) in the same chip to provide a complete solution in the same chip.
Sometimes other modules like analog to digital converter ,comparators ,timers, ....are integrated also in the microcontroller to enrich the solution.
Microprocessor examples: intel 8086, AMD,...
Microcontroller examples: PIC16FXX,PIC18FXX, 8051,AVR, Z80,......
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